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Principal Adversaries III. Original Sin in ScriptureIV. Original Sin in TraditionV. Original Sin in face of the Objections of Human ReasonVI. Nature of Original Sin VII.

Principal Adversaries III. In Scripture IV.

In Tradition V. In face of the Objections of Human Reason VI. MEANING Original may be taken to mean: (1) the that committed; (2) a consequence of this first sin, the hereditary stain with which we are born on account of our origin or descent from Adam. From the earliest times the latter sense of the word was more common, as may be seen by St. Augustine's statement: 'the deliberate of the first is the of original sin' (De nupt. Et concup., II, xxvi, 43).

It is the hereditary stain that is dealt with here. As to the of we have not to examine the circumstances in which it was committed nor make the exegesis of the third of. PRINCIPAL ADVERSARIES Theodorus of opened this controversy by denying that the of was the origin of death.

(See the 'Excerpta Theodori', by; cf. Smith, 'A Dictionary of Biography', IV, 942.) Celestius, a friend of Pelagius, was the first in the West to hold these propositions, borrowed from Theodorus: ' was to die in every hypothesis, whether he sinned or did not sin. His injured himself only and not the human race ' ( Mercator, 'Liber Subnotationem', preface). This, the first position held by the Pelagians, was also the first point condemned at ( Denzinger, 'Enchiridion', no 101-old no.

Against this fundamental Catholics cited especially 5:12, where is shown as transmitting death with sin. After some the Pelagians admitted the transmission of death -- this being more easily understood as we see that transmit to their hereditary diseases -- but they still violently attacked the transmission of (St. Augustine, 'Contra duas epist.

, IV, iv, 6). And when speaks of the transmission of they understood by this the transmission of death. This was their second position, condemned by the Council of Orange [Denz., n. Klyuch dlya aktivacii alzex finance. 175 (145)], and again later on with the first by the Council of [Sess.

Ii; Denz., n. To take the word to mean death was an evident falsification of the text, so the Pelagians soon abandoned the interpretation and admitted that caused in us. They did not, however, understand by the hereditary stain contracted at our birth, but the that adults commit in imitation of Adam. This was their third position, to which is opposed the definition of that is transmitted to all by ( propagatione ), not by imitation [Denz., n. Moreover, in the following are cited the words of the Council of Carthage, in which there is question of a contracted by and effaced by [Denz., n.

The leaders of the Reformation admitted the of original sin, but at present there are many Protestants imbued with Socinian doctrines whose theory is a revival of Pelagianism. ORIGINAL SIN IN SCRIPTURE The classical text is 5:12 sqq. In the preceding part the treats of by Christ, and to put in evidence the fact of His being the one Saviour, he contrasts with this Divine Head of mankind the human head who caused its ruin. The question of original sin, therefore, comes in only incidentally. Supposes the that the faithful have of it from his oral instructions, and he speaks of it to make them understand the work of Redemption. This explains the brevity of the development and the obscurity of some verses. We shall now show what, in the text, is opposed to the three Pelagian positions: (1) The of has injured the human race at least in the sense that it has introduced death -- 'Wherefore as by one entered into this world and by death; and so death passed upon all men '.